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  • What is the National AI Research Resource and what can it teach the world about next generation innovation?

    What is the National AI Research Resource and what can it teach the world about next generation innovation?

    What is the National AI Research Resource and what can it teach the world about next generation innovation?

    On 24 January 2023, the National AI Research Resource (NAIRR) task force shared a report with President Biden and Congress, Strengthening and Democratizing the US Artificial Intelligence Innovation Ecosystem. The report provides plans to build out US data and computational infrastructure for the advancement of AI research and development.

    It expands on the vision of the NAIRR and details how participation in AI R&D across the US democratizes access to the resources essential for American students, researchers, and practitioners to boost innovation across all sectors. Building on future and existing investments by the Federal government, it includes considerations for civil rights, civil liberties, privacy, and promotes diversity, equity, accessibility, and inclusion.

    Have you read?
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    • Getting meta about the metaverse
    • Here’s what Americans think about generative AI like ChatGPT and DALL-E

    The NAIRR aims to drive scientific discovery and economic activity across a broad spectrum of sectors. While there are rapid advancements in the field of AI R&D in the US, access to data and computational resources that fuel the cutting-edge technology is limited to leading universities, large scale technology companies, and venture backed startups.

    The US government has realized the potential of AI to solve real societal problems that bridge the access divide and emerge an AI ecosystem that works for every American.

    So, what can this US research hub teach the rest of the world about AI innovation?

    What is the National AI Research Resource (NAIRR)?

    The NAIRR is a platform that will transform the future of US local AI ecosystems by providing compute and storage, software and testing tools, and data resources to local stakeholders to achieve their goals via a portal. It is the consensus of a consultative process that engaged leading academics, independent experts and contributors.

    What is its purpose of the NAIRR?

    The purpose is to create pathways for stakeholders (NAIRR users) in local US regions to achieve their AI goals with the objective of democratizing and strengthening the US AI innovation ecosystem to spur innovation, increase diversity, advance trustworthy AI, and improve capacity. The success of which is based on the successful engagement of the NAIRR constituents in civil society, industry, academia, and government.

    What makes the NAIRR unique?

    The barrier to achieve AI goals is really high. At the same time, the barriers can’t be lowered because they remove the educational merit. The NAIRR is unique in that it aims to redesign the entry barrier for stakeholders. The NAIRR user base serves students learning about AI, AI researchers, and educators incorporating AI tools and training resources into learning. The opportunity for global AI corridors to emerge to partner with US private sector and the public exist in abundance if you can identify the opportunities to engage the AI R&D community.

    Without a hub like the NAIRR, small businesses face the risk of not advancing foundational, translational, or use-inspired AI R&D.
    Without a hub like the NAIRR, small businesses face the risk of not advancing foundational, translational, or use-inspired AI R&D.

    What possibilities could this open up for AI?

    This could accelerate AI from lab to industry, promote cross-industry partnerships, identify market drive R&D challenges, and coordinate government AI research with academia. It will easily make publicly accessible curated catalogues of AI datasets, testbeds, educational resources, and relevant metadata serving the community.

    What is the risk of not having a hub like this?

    There is a tremendous gap in AI being a catalyst for research and development and economic impact in local US hubs. Without a hub like the NAIRR, small businesses face the risk of not advancing foundational, translational, or use-inspired AI R&D. More importantly, the talent working on AI will not be incentivized to work in academia, small business but be attracted to large tech firms.

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    How will this incentivize new partnerships and business models?

    Ultimately, but with proper education, this will incentivize government stakeholders to build local data policies, develop regional or local AI policies, identify AI opportunities in their regions that spur investment, talent, and grow their knowledge-economy. If a Governor, Senator, Congress Woman, Mayor, Economic Development Officer, or Councilor, understands the economic impact of AI and how it can attract partnerships in their constituency they are heavily incentivized to leverage NAIRR.

    How could AI’s development be different in 10 years with this in place?

    We are at a tipping point in AI. The world now understands the benefits of generative AI that translate into business value. So, if we believe that the technology and algorithms are now commoditized then the most important remaining factor is the people. AI is about the people, the talent who builds it, not just consumers of AI. In 10 years, building the next generation of AI talent will be different. We must start now to build this talent to be able to populate the local AI ecosystems. While providing people with the AI resources is critical, we need to empower learners at the earliest stages to study about AI. Without this talent, the NAIRR will be useless.

    July 27, 2024

  • How nations can build sovereign AI and homegrown talent for economic competitiveness

    How nations can build sovereign AI and homegrown talent for economic competitiveness

    How nations can build sovereign AI and homegrown talent for economic competitiveness

    Artificial intelligence is intellectually driven, not policy driven. It’s about the people, and these are the people that build the foundation of what makes an AI ecosystem.

    The tech and algorithms in AI have been commoditized, but AI ecosystems become fully functioning when every stakeholder is aligned towards building the next generation of AI talent to populate their local ecosystems.

    Examples can already be seen across the United States. In December 2023, the state of New Jersey, NJEDA and Princeton University launched the NJ AI Hub for AI innovation and, a month later, the state of New York launched Empire AI, a state-of-the-art computing centre for ethical artificial intelligence (AI) research in collaboration with New York University, Columbia University and five other institutions.

    Then in March, the state of Massachusetts launched an AI task force to, among other factors, advise the state on its role in AI innovation, along with a $100 million fund to create an applied AI hub.

    The year 2023 was the year that AI burst onto the global public consciousness, the inflection point. According to the 2023 Global AI Rankings, the top five countries in AI were the United States, China, Singapore, the UK and Canada. The countries are ranked according to seven pillars and levers: talent, infrastructure, operating environment, research, development, government strategy and commercial.

    However, to enhance any of these pillars, you need people. Infrastructure, operation environment, R&D, government strategy and the commercial application of AI can’t function without people.

    What is sovereign AI and why is it important?

    Sovereign AI is the ability for sub-national, state entities and federal level authorities to build AI with homegrown talent based on its local policy or national AI strategy.

    That is having the generation of talent that will support state and national interest in aerospace, defence, education, housing, transportation, public safety, supply chain, manufacturing and many other industries critical to their safekeeping.

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    • How sovereign funds could empower the future of assistive technology and disability AI

    Building it is important simply because we can’t all rely on Silicon Valley to solve localized problems we have with AI. Aside from having the hardware infrastructure often associated with sovereign AI, regions must build the intellectual infrastructure in AI. The hardware infrastructure is useless without the trained AI talent, but the inverse of the AI talent is useless without the hardware is not true.

    Because AI is not policy driven, it is intellectually driven. Accordingly, a state or nation must be able to adapt AI to their local needs so that they can preserve their values and regulatory oversight. All with local talent.

    What is the willingness to participate in your AI ecosystem?

    An exercise that every government must perform is a willingness to participate (WTP) AI ecosystem assessment. For an AI talent to participate in an AI ecosystem, their decision is driven by their WTP.

    Therefore, each region must rank the top six attributes that drives the WTP of each stakeholder in their ecosystem. Once plotted, the government deploys resources to promote the top attributes or strengthen the weaker attributes.

    The attributes that drive the WTP are directly correlated to the number of AI resources on an AI ecosystem map of that region. For example, by referring to the Massachusetts AI ecosystem map, we are able to derive the top six attributes that drive the WTP in Massachusetts AI ecosystem:

    1. Affiliation to Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) or Harvard University

    2. High number of AI centres of excellence/AI labs

    3. Proximity to AI research (AI faculty/thought leadership)

    4. AI educational opportunities

    5. AI student groups and a steady influx of students

    6. Thriving tech/investor/AI entrepreneurial opportunities

    Attributes that drive willingness to participate in the Massachusetts AI ecosystem.

    Attributes that drive willingness to participate in the Massachusetts AI ecosystem.Image: Daimlas

    What do government stakeholders need to know about sovereign AI?

    Capital is not the barrier to building an AI ecosystem anchored in sovereign and homegrown AI, because a government increasing spending plans to boost infrastructure and computing capacity does not create a competitive advantage. Instead, it is the AI talent in the local ecosystem that creates an advantage.

    Leaders must realize that there is a shift towards sovereign AI that is homegrown AI, that is built in a localized ecosystem because each region has local talent, local problems to solve, local capital, local research, local small businesses, local universities, community colleges, and technical schools, local ethical and regulatory considerations – all of which impact the future of work.

    While emerging tech hubs can learn from Silicon Valley and other established hubs how they built their AI centres of excellence, they must localize their AI building capabilities around their people.

    The private sector, small and medium enterprises and industries are the flywheel for AI talent and researchers, and market driven research and development challenges. With more projects and opportunities offered by them to the local talent, it builds capabilities overall in the community.

    National AI strategies and state level AI policies

    For countries that have not yet launched their national AI strategy, they must do so immediately. Because there is a generation of learners being left out of the AI economy. Advanced AI hubs are quickly shifting from the “knowledge-economy” to the “generative AI economy” and the longer they wait, the more they will be left behind.

    Despite the US being ranked as the number one global powerhouse, even it is shifting towards building state-wide capabilities instead of relying on national rankings. And emerging nations can learn from the success of Saudi Arabia when it comes to AI.

    Saudi Arabia ranked number one in government AI strategy in the 2023 Global AI Rankings, and the testament to this success is highlighted in the February 2024 Saudi Arabia AI ecosystem map in which there are more AI centres of excellence than any other AI resource.

    Why are AI centres of excellence important to a nation? Because they create global bridges in AI and create pathways for all who want to participate.

    What do government stakeholders working on sovereign AI need to know?

    AI talent is attracted to an ecosystem where they can learn from leaders in the field and have a pathway into AI. Because AI affects every part of society and work, learners from all backgrounds want to have a pathway.

    It is your responsibility as a government stakeholder to create a pathway into AI by redesigning the entry margin not removing the barrier, to maintain the educational merit.

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    State and federal governments launch local AI ecosystems to advance leadership in AI to promote workforce development, including AI skills training for government employees, and guide governments and public entities on AI implementation.

    It’s only when we have an educated government employee, public servant and elected politician learn about AI that we can have an impact at the grassroots.

    And having an impact at the grassroots, which involves populating an ecosystem with AI talent in which the government supports their WTP, is what drives economic competitiveness.

    July 27, 2024

  • National AI strategies can move up the ranks using value networks. Here’s how

    National AI strategies can move up the ranks using value networks. Here’s how

    The key to a leading AI strategy is people. According to the 2022 Global AI Index, the United States is ranked first in artificial intelligence (AI) based on talent, research and development (R&D) and commercial application. The US government introduced several strategies and policies to achieve this ranking, such as:
    • The Congressional AI Caucus.
    • The National Security Commission on AI.
    • The National AI Research Resource Task Force.
    • The National AI Initiative Office.
    • The National AI Advisory Committee.
    • National Science Foundation AI programmes.
    While each government agency may have its own plan to execute its policies, what we know is that the Office of the White House Science and Technology Policy focuses its AI initiatives on six main areas: R&D, research infrastructure, advancing governance, international cooperation, government use of AI and education. However, if we believe that AI is about the people, how can federal, state and local governments do more to evaluate their policies’ effectiveness in that area? For example, are they building the next generation of talent, advancing workforce development and encouraging innovators from underrepresented backgrounds or underserved communities to engage with AI federal programmes and services?

    Have you read?

    • Scaling AI: Here’s why you should first invest in responsible AI
    • The ‘AI divide’ between the Global North and the Global South
    • How to follow Davos 2023

    People-first approach

    In the United States, the AI ecosystems in Boston and Silicon Valley are anchored by the educational institutions that graduate a pipeline of talent. In Canada, which launched the world’s first National AI Strategy, the ecosystem is anchored by scientific advisors and their host research centres of excellence. The common factor between the two North American neighbours’ AI ecosystems is that they revolve around people. AI garners much public opinion and policy but students of AI rarely have a say in the progression of their discipline. At the same time, they bear the burden of delivering on and navigating the potential of the future. Perhaps the better way forward is to build an environment that brings in students’ voices within a culture of learning, innovation and research.

    Centring AI students

    An AI student is an individual who is enrolled in a degree-granting AI programme recognized by an AI centre of excellence or Ministry of Education or matriculated in any university degree programme that participates in AI research or projects connected to their university’s AI centre of excellence. AI is now infiltrating all areas of life and while the educational barrier to an AI degree is extremely high and practitioners across different sectors – marketing, sales, legal, finance, operations, project management, public sector etc. – all want AI skills, they must find their own educational path in AI. But just like we hold the field of medicine to the highest standards, we must also keep the AI field to the highest academic standards. The expectations of the next generation of AI talent are great – to uphold the highest ethical standards, address societal challenges and advance critical and emerging technologies. Yet, students cannot contribute to regulations, public opinion or policy. Seeding a culture of learning, innovation and research builds an environment bringing students into the stakeholder matrix on AI policy. To accomplish this, governments should create pathways for AI students to contribute to every level, from national to local.

    AI ecosystem vs AI value network

    An AI ecosystem is made up of various stakeholders:
    • AI centres of excellence.
    • Scientific advisors.
    • Risk capital.
    • Institutional capital.
    • AI degree-granting universities.
    • Non-AI degree-granting universities.
    • AI students and alumni.
    • Non-AI students.
    • Practitioners (AI and others).
    • AI entrepreneurs.
    • AI opportunities.
    • AI research labs.
    • AI regulators.
    • AI funding.
    • AI ethicists.
    • AI projects, computation and hardware resources.
    • AI government grants.
    • AI data sources.
    • Government representation at federal, state and local levels.
    • AI think tanks and NGOs.
    Consider the value network’s shared goal of building the next generation of AI talent, each resource and stakeholder’s activity adds value to the end goal of an ecosystem. All the resources are streamlined, not compartmentalized or one-to-one, because they are all in effect sitting at the same table and exchanging value.

    A virtual platform

    Few countries command trust that their AI policies are effectively accessible to their constituents. A new cross-government platform that enables verified stakeholders in a local ecosystem to have a pathway to achieve their AI goal is the future of how to execute a government AI strategy virtually. If we believe former Google Brain co-founder and Stanford University’s Professor Andrew Ng’s claim that “AI is the new electricity,” just like electricity needs its infrastructure and network to function, AI needs the same. Utilizing a software layer that builds your virtual AI ecosystem avoids needing a physical interface. The goal of a virtual ecosystem is to spur cross-national inclusive and diverse AI ecosystems while intentionally focusing on hubs that don’t traditionally participate in these ecosystems. This platform provides networks, tailored support structures and services vital to the ecosystem’s growth. It’s a human-centred approach of upstream resources and downstream channels that empowers governments with the skills, tools, networks and capital needed to thrive.
    January 11, 2023

  • Request for Information (RFI) on Advancing Privacy Enhancing Technologies by Joseph Wehbe

    Request for Information (RFI) on Advancing Privacy Enhancing Technologies by Joseph Wehbe

    National governments need to contribute to grassroots AI ecosystem. Each stakeholder in an AI ecosystem adds to build a value network from the local government up to federal policy. An AI ecosystem is comprised of eight stakeholders that all have different goals. For these stakeholders to achieve their goals, they require government support.

    The role of national governments specifically starts in providing recognition to AI degrees and education immediately at the graduate school level, but also in the k-12 curriculum. Imagine if government departments of education don’t recognize medical, legal, or teaching degrees? The education system wouldn’t function. But the paradox is that departments of education require to build internal expertise to be able to recognize such AI degrees.

    The AI ecosystem and the approach to building the next generation of AI talent, can’t be compartmentalized. AI workshops, certifications, and bootcamps have no educational merit. They don’t build practitioner level skills.

    DISCLAIMER: Please note that the RFI public responses received and posted do not represent the views or opinions of the U.S. Government. We bear no responsibility for the accuracy, legality, or content of the responses and external links included in this document.

    Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP)

    on behalf of the Fast Track Action Committee on Advancing Privacy-Preserving Data Sharing
    and Analytics of the Subcommittee on Networking and Information Technology Research
    and Development (NITRD) of the National Science and Technology Council,
    the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Office,
    and the NITRD National Coordination Office

    Re: Request for Information on Advancing Privacy-Enhancing Technologies
    (Document Number: 2022-12432)

    Submitted by:

    Joseph Wehbe

    Joseph Wehbe is an American artificial intelligence ecosystem builder. Led the #1 winning team of a Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Challenge (knowledge-economy) in 2020. He received an AI master’s degree recognized by the leading research institute in Canada in which Dr. Geoffrey Hinton (the Godfather of AI) is the Chief Scientific Advisor. Joseph is also an ambassador for Stanford Women in Data Science in Canada.

    Dear Sir/Madam,

    Effectively developing a national strategy on privacy-preserving data sharing and analytics, and associated policy initiatives requires:

    1. Operationalizing the strategy at a Federal, State, & Local Government using a software / infrastructure layer.

    2. Building a pipeline of talent & projects as a Government to Grassroots AI value network to execute on this strategy.

    3. Redesigning the entry margin for verified stakeholders, marginalized and underrepresented groups along with the non-consumers to have a way to participate.

    Context for my response:

    According to the AI Index Report 2022, the US ranks 1st globally in Talent, Research, Development, and Commercial. (see graphic below)

    While we rank 35th in operating environment, and 17th in government strategy. Our low ranking in these 2 areas are the basis of all my feedback. This translates into the USA having the best talent, entrepreneurs, innovators, and companies in the world, but the strategies do not effectively impact the local government level. Why? Because the innovation and artificial intelligence ecosystems in the US are built around the greatest learning institutions in the world, who carry the responsibility. They don’t revolve around the people. In AI development, while technology and algorithms have been commoditized, skilled workers that are able to create solutions to AI problems are the most important factor. There is a demand for a whole generation of workers with capacities in artificial intelligence. This will be the generation of talent that will support national interest in aerospace, defense, education, housing, transportation, public safety, supply chain, manufacturing, and many other industries critical to the American homeland. We can improve the 35th and 17th running using a software and infrastructure layer.

    USA
    Global
    Index
    Ranking

    *source
    https://www.tortoisemedia.com/
    intelligence/global-ai/

    Intelligence | Global Al Index

    United States
    of America

    My Responses to Question 9 & 10 combined below:

    1. [Response by JW] Existing barriers, not covered above, to PETs adoption:
      Information about technical, sociotechnical, usability, and socioeconomic barriers that have inhibited wider adoption of PETs, such as a lack of public trust. This includes recommendations on how such barriers could be overcome. Responses that focus on increasing equity for underserved or marginalized groups are especially welcome.
    2. [Response by JW] Other information that is relevant to the adoption of PETs:
      Information that is relevant to the adoption of PETs that does not fit into any of the topics enumerated above.

    Based on my proprietary frameworks, in building artificial intelligence ecosystems there are 8 stakeholders that effectively connect as a value network. While government policy and advocates will call to increase diversity of talent by lowering the barriers of participation for all regardless of organizational affiliation, this is a recipe for disaster.

    If this happens, it means we are removing educational merit if we want security, and accountability. My frameworks redesign the entry marging / the entry barrier to Artificial intelligence (and other technologies) not lower the barrier. The existing barrier to PETs adoption can be solved by redesigning the entry barrier for each stakeholder.

    In my experience as a World Economic Forum artificial intelligence and entrepreneurship expert, I believe there’s a demand for a whole generation of workers skilled in technology. These technologists must emerge from innovation ecosystems. There are systematic, structural and institutional barriers that many times and almost always limit opportunities that are also applicable to PETs. Once we identify the attributes of each innovation ecosystem, we can use artificial intelligence to identify the specific barriers affecting PETs.

    We can’t generalize or compartmentalize the barriers. Successful innovation ecosystems that we know of in Boston, Silicon Valley, and Seattle all have educational merit. Why? Because they are anchored by the most successful entrepreneurs and ventures in the world.

    Innovators from underrepresented backgrounds and underserved communities do not have a pathway to achieve their innovation goals. Capital is not the barrier in these ecosystems. It’s the lack of intellectual infrastructure in the region that’s the main barrier. Using advanced technology and artificial intelligence, we can identify the attributes of each community. Generalizing the results is doing a dis-service to the community. And relying on human knowledge alone does not do the work / results justice.

    Using a software layer, the US Federal government must identify the stakeholders who are eligible to participate in the innovation ecosystem. Think of those “eligible” as the “total addressable market.” From this pool of eligible stakeholders, we identify those who have shown a willingness to become entrepreneurs, innovators, or technologists using various artificial intelligence methods that we can identify. To provide context, a Harvard Business School professor’s definition of entrepreneurship is “the pursuit of opportunity beyond resources controlled.” In this case, my definition of underrepresented, underserved, or marginalized is an individual or group who has knowledge and education of the said technology or innovation but lacks the intellectual infrastructure to realize their goals. The education component is critical because everything we do, must have educational merit. If our targets are truly innovators/technologists, these stakeholders must have educational merit. We are not expecting them to have all the knowledge, but should have access to the intellectual infrastructure. Using artificial intelligence, we can identify those most likely to succeed innovators/technologists and unlock their potential to succeed. Unfortunately, using human knowledge alone to realize this goal is difficult.

    Entrepreneurs/technologists from marginalized groups and underserved communities all exist / live in communities with community colleges, technical schools, vocation schools, colleges, universities, and high schools. Using technology and a software layer, we can leverage these institutions to identify the specific barriers. But we must “redesign the entry barrier” so that these stakeholders (innovators or specific user type) understand “how” to achieve their goals, otherwise, they won’t have the willingness to share and engage. Again, we can’t “lower” the barrier to engage, because that won’t have educational merit, we must redesign the barrier.

    I will reinforce again that capital is NOT the barrier for marginalized or underserved innovators to achieve their goals. If we throw capital at the problem, but the intellectual infrastructure does not exist, then we don’t achieve our goal. Let us use technology and artificial intelligence to solve this problem, redesign the entry barrier for stakeholders, and build a pipeline of
    innovators so they are no more underrepresented, underserved, or marginalized. Our goal is to have upward mobility for each of these stakeholders so that they are no more identified as such.

    Highlights of AI expertise I offer:
    – The benefits of AI ecosystems are distributed unevenly across the US & don’t exist
    in the heartland.
    – Dismantle institutional, & systematic barriers that limit opportunities for stakeholders
    in AI & bring educational merit to the AI workforce.
    – Redesign entry margin for stakeholders so the US can build a pipeline of AI talent.

    Your faithfully,

    Joseph Wehbe
    “AI Ecosystem Builder”

    “The recipe is straightforward, let us invest in AI Education, AI Research & Development.”-JW

    November 22, 2022

  • White House Office of Science and Technology Policy- National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Office Request for Information (RFI) on Implementing the Initial Findings and Recommendations of the National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource Task Force: Response by Joseph Wehbe

    White House Office of Science and Technology Policy- National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Office
    Request for Information (RFI) on Implementing the Initial Findings and Recommendations of the National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource Task Force: Response by Joseph Wehbe

    DISCLAIMER: Please note that the RFI public responses received and posted do not represent the views
    or opinions of the U.S. Government nor those of the National AI Research Resource Task Force, and/or
    any other Federal agencies and/or government entities. We bear no responsibility for the accuracy,
    legality, or content of the responses and external links included in this document.

    Dr. Lynne Parker

    Director, National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Office, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy

    Re: Request for Information (RFI) on Implementing Initial Findings and Recommendations of the National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource Task Force (Document Number: 2022-11223)

    Submitted by:

    Joseph Wehbe

    Joseph Wehbe is an American artificial intelligence ecosystem builder. Led the #1 winning team of a Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Challenge (knowledge-economy) in 2020. He received an AI master’s degree recognized by the leading research institute in Canada in which Dr. Geoffrey Hinton (the Godfather of AI) is the Chief Scientific Advisor. Joseph is also an ambassador for Stanford Women in Data Science in Canada.

    Dear Dr. Parker,

    There’s a demand for a generation of workers skilled in AI, and it’s my mission to build that by focusing on 3 areas:

    1. Operationalizing Federal, State, & Local Govt AI strategies.
    2. Building a pipeline of talent & projects as a Government to Grassroots AI value network.
    3. Redesigning the entry margin into AI & allowing the non-consumers of AI to participate.

    I hereby submit my feedback based on 2+ years of being the class president of an Artificial Intelligence Masters program in Canada led by Dr. Geoffrey Hinton as the Chief Scientific Advisor, and as an American participating in building the Canadian AI ecosystem.

    Summary of my NAIRR
    feedback & level setting:

    1. We must define the eligibility of students & researchers who are earning an education in AI. There are only 17 AI focused Master’s programs in the US. For us to be inclusive of all students we must redesign the entry barrier to AI for participants in academia, industry, research, entrepreneurship, investors, government, & practitioners. In AI, there’s so much public opinion & policy, AI students themselves receive very little say about their own discipline, at the same time, we bear the burden to deliver on the potential of the future while trying to navigate through it all. Let’s build an environment that gives back to students what belongs to students, and to seed a culture of learning, innovation, and research.
    2. While scientific merit is important as mentioned, educational merit is required of the stakeholders accessing the NAIRR and the AI education development to build a pipeline of AI talent. To address DEIA, we must solve the AI education problem. The barrier now is “those with AI knowledge” and “those without it”.
    3. We must integrate an infrastructure and software layer to operationalize the NAIRR plan. According to the Global AI Index Report 2022, the US ranks 35th globally in “Operating Agreement”, and ranks 17th in “Government Strategy”; this is reflected in our nation’s AI strategy execution. The NAIRR plan has the ability to evolve into a Government to Grassroots AI value network for the benefit for American Federal,
      State, and Local Government stakeholders. We must fix this! Our low ranking in these 2 positions are the basis of all my feedback.

    USA
    Global
    Index
    Ranking

    *source
    https://www.tortoisemedia.com/
    intelligence/global-ai/

    lntelliigence | Global Al Index

    United States
    of America

    1. From NAIIR Page 2 Line 4Going from AI to “organize their days, find the best routes to work and school, select the items they buy, and remind them of upcoming appointments”
      [Response by JW] As a nation we should think about moving from using AI to “organize our days” to work on projects of National interest building American Dynamism in Aerospace, Defense, Education, Housing, Transportation, Public Safety, Supply Chain, Manufacturing and beyond.
    2. From NAIIR Page 1-1The “growing divide” in computational and data resources
      [Response by JW] The divide is created by those that “have knowledge about AI”
      and those that don’t. There isn’t a researcher or AI student in the US that has the AI
      formal education, proprietary data sources, AI use case knowledge AND has a barrier
      to start their AI journey. The growing divide is ignited by the knowledge gap. Let us
      build AI education capacity at the K-12 and university level and that will eliminate the
      growing divide.
    3. From NAIIR page 1-2
      “new pathways to participation”

      [Response by JW] We must redesign the entry margin for the underserved
      communities to participate. We can’t lower the barrier to AI. AI education is difficult.
      It must be earned from a university to have educational merit. Bootcamps and
      certificates are not the solution to finding new pathways to participation.

    4. From NAIIR page 1-2
      “american researchers to access computational and data resources”

      [Response by JW] The definition of an American researcher must include a
      researcher that has an AI education, affiliated to a university in the US, part of an AI
      degree granting program, affiliated to an AI center of excellence, or an AI research
      lab. Not every American researcher has AI knowledge to execute, it’s not the NAIRR’s
      role to educate them, it’s the role of the academic institution they belong to.

    5. From NAIIR page 1-3
      “National AI Initiative Act of 2020”, the 8-point National AI R&D Strategic Plan

      [Response by JW] Neither mention the educational merit required of the
      stakeholders accessing the NAIRR or the AI education development to build a
      pipeline of AI talent. We must bring back educational merit to AI education and
      subsequently the stakeholders that benefit from NAIRR.

    6. From NAIIR page 1-3
      “better understanding the national AI R&D workforce needs”

      [Response by JW] An AI researcher in the workforce belongs to either a well
      resourced large scale enterprise (i.e. FAANG or similar company), a well resourced AI
      non-profit lab (i.e. AI Allen Institute), a venture funded startup, an SMB with limited to
      no AI expertise on the team, an early stage startup that is not funded nor has the
      scientific/AI educational merit to work on AI research.

      This group of stakeholders do NOT need access to NAIRR. This is an oversimplification of the landscape, but I argue that the focus for AI R&D workforce needs should
      be on building AI educational merit for stakeholders from all backgrounds that want
      to participate in AI.

    7. From NAIIR page 1-4 & 1-5

      “…required elements of the NAIRR roadmap and implementation plan”

      [Response by JW] There is an infrastructure and software layer missing from
      operationalizing the plan. According to the AI Index Report 2022, the US ranks 35th
      globally in “Operating Agreement”, and ranks 17th in “Government Strategy” and this
      is reflected in this report. We must build an infrastructure and software layer to
      operationalize the plan as a Government to Grassroots AI value network for the
      benefit of American Federal, State, and Local Government Stakeholders.

    8. From NAIIR page 2-1, Recommendation 2-1

      “NAIRR should support early experimentation by students learning how to build and apply AI”

      [Response by JW] We must define the eligibility of students & researchers who
      are earning an education in AI. There are only 17 AI focused Master’s programs in
      the US. A computer science degree that covers AI classes is different from a
      student earning an AI degree. AI bootcamps and certificates don’t give students
      practitioner level AI skills with educational merit. For us to be inclusive of all students
      we must redesign the entry barrier to AI for participants in academia, industry,
      research, entrepreneurship, investors, government, & practitioners.

    9. From NAIIR page 2-2

      Increase diversity of talent- “by lowering the barriers of participation for all” regardless
      of “organizational affiliation”

      [Response by JW] Means we are removing educational merit if we want security,
      and accountability…We must redesign the entry margin/barrier to AI not lower the
      barrier. Organizational affiliation in this case should mean that stakeholders belong
      to an AI lab, and not any American organization.

    10. From NAIIR page 2-3

      Mentions “the system should take advantage of existing campus” resources…

      [Response by JW] We don’t need to add new resources, but connect existing
      campuses and launch AI centers of excellence.

    11. From NAIIR page 2-3 (recommendation 2-6: support needs students) point 3

      Those studying who are “learning about AI, experimenting with the development of AI
      models and tools”

      [Response by JW] The AI programs should be explicit, vetted, recognized by the
      Department of Education, and have a Chief Scientific Advisor. FYI- there are only 17
      AI master’s programs in the US.

    12. From NAIIR page 2-4

      (Access to Startups or SMBs) have federal grants, or SBIR, or STTR

      [Response by JW] Startups are known to offshore work, we should not grant
      access. The NAIRR can’t control a startup’s or SMB’s offshore / outsourced resources.

    13. From NAIIR page 2-4

      (access to Private Sector researchers with Federal funding)

      [Response by JW] Such researchers should be affiliated to an AI center of excellence, or vetted technology hub / program to prevent bad actors. There are 68 such
      centers in the US. We can build an AI value network, digitally. Unlike an AI ecosystem,
      the proposed AI value network is a collection of upstream resources, downstream
      stakeholders, and subsidiary providers/services supporting a shared business model
      within our ecosystem. Each node adds value to the end goal of that particular AI
      stakeholder. This AI value network also serves the non-consumers of AI so that they
      have a pathway to achieve their goals.

    14. From NAIIR page 3-1

      Sustainability and long term funding or revenue sources.

      [Response by JW] By establishing the value network in each community and
      determining their willingness to pay, we can build several revenue streams and
      business models.

    15. From NAIIR page 3-2

      Ownership and Administration “other options may exist”
      [Response by JW] An infrastructure software layer to operationalize the NAIRR p
      across all stakeholders.
    16. From NAIIR page 3-3

      The day-to-day operations “employ permanent and diverse staff”

      [Response by JW] What about qualified AI staff, managers of AI? There’s no
      mention of such in the report. Can the NAIRR employ enough qualified staff with
      AI masters degrees?

    17. From NAIIR page 3-3

      Ownership and Administration “other options may exist”

      [Response by JW] An infrastructure software layer to operationalize the NAIRR p
      across all stakeholders.

    18. From NAIIR page 3-4

      NAIRR management Entity “scientific merit” is mentioned

      [Response by JW] There should be educational merit to the AI stakeholders
      accessing. Why should there be educational merit to healthcare/doctors but not for
      AI practitioners?

    19. From NAIIR page 3-4

      “resource providers” not duplicate resources

      [Response by JW] All AI programs have platform companies and resource
      providers seeking their attention, and offer free resources. We must include them
      into our value network.

    20. From NAIIR page 3-5

      “day to day” operations

      [Response by JW] There are 8 stakeholders in an AI ecosystem, they should all
      have a path to contribute, not necessarily all be a user.

    21. From NAIIR page 3-5

      “Governance and performance”

      [Response by JW] The scientific advisors from the AI labs should all have a seat
      at the table.

      For new research proposals, there should be mechanisms for industry / manufacturing / stakeholders in the heartland and emerging frontier hubs to participate

    22. From NAIIR page 3-6 recommendation 3-11

      “students, startups”

      [Response by JW] Access should be given to those with educational merit. p
      Connected to AI programs, labs, or other vetted stakeholder groups.

    23. From NAIIR page 3-7 recommendation 3-14

      “private entities”

      [Response by JW] The private entities should be connected to an AI lab or center
      of excellence in their local AI value network

      They can contribute data from industry but should be connected to AI centers of
      excellence at their Local or State Government levels.

    24. From NAIIR page 3-7 recommendations 3-15

      “NAIRR evaluation methods”

      [Response by JW] Each stakeholder has a different goal in AI, and the outcome /
      impact on each varies, the measurements should reflect such. There is an
      8-stakeholder AI ecosystem model that underpins the performance.

    25. From NAIIR page 3-8 recommendation 3-16

      “qualified external evaluators”

      [Response by JW] SAME AS ABOVE

    26. From NAIIR page 3-9 recommendation 3-19

      “publicly accessible platform”

      [Response by JW] The definition of the user roles should all be enabled to AI
      centers of excellence, accredited AI programs, and not open to the world. A vetted AI
      stakeholder in the US should belong to one of these institutions. This is an
      oversimplification but I’m available to explain further.

    27. From NAIIR page 3-9, recommendation 3-20

      “establish mechanisms” for evaluation…

      [Response by JW] Activity based costing and balance score cards should be integrated
      into the oversight and transparency to inform improvements to the activities.

    28. From NAIIR page 4-1

      “…user interface portal”

      [Response by JW] There is an infrastructure and software layer missing for the
      NAIRR to effectively reach the grassroots. Regardless of the user interface portal,
      how do vetted AI stakeholders interact through the proposed “user interface portal?”

    29. From NAIIR page 4-1

      “…set of resources for the AI R&D Community”

      [Response by JW] The eligibility and definition of the AI R&D Community must follow an
      8-stakeholder model and exclude startups and those not connected to AI centers of
      excellence. The reason for startup exclusion is mentioned in this document.

    30. From NAIIR page 4-1

      “…increasing availability of data… AI-ready data, ethical, privacy, security, and usability”

      [Response by JW] There’s no mention of proprietary data, how do we manage the
      intellectual property for the owner, and provide assurance to the owner that data
      which could belong to a manufacturer that’s willing to share based on their set
      objective (which was their reason to share it to begin with)?

      If all researchers are working on open data sets, who’s working on proprietary AI
      projects? AI researchers must understand the context and domain of the problem
      they are trying to solve. Hence the 8-stakeholder AI model is required.

    31. From NAIIR page 4-1, finding 4-1

      “…Rigorous AI R&D is often not possible without high-quality, trusted, dense, and
      transparent data resources.”

      [Response by JW] I argue that rigorous AI R&D is NOT possible without talent
      having the educational merit, scientific AI advisors, AI labs, and qualified team
      support. This component is missing from the report.

    32. From NAIIR page 4-2, Finding 4-2

      “There are substantial data quality challenges within and across most research domains”

      [Response by JW] I believe there are substantial proprietary data availability
      challenges within and across most research domains. AI researchers don’t
      understand the business use cases / business value of industry, and industry does
      not understand the importance of the data. For example: an AI researcher seeking to
      solve a problem in healthcare, finance, or manufacturing in which they don’t have
      domain expertise. We can and must fix this problem.

    33. From NAIIR page 4-2, finding 4-3

      “…data curation is a substantial challenge for researchers in all domains”

      [Response by JW] Data curation is not the responsibility of NAIRR. We must
      design a pathway for the private sector to contribute data via their local AI center of
      excellence.

    34. From NAIIR page 4-2, finding 4-4

      “There are substantial costs to combining and linking heterogeneous data.”

      [Response by JW] This is not the responsibility of NAIRR nor its expertise. The
      concern about R&D data relating to privacy concerns can be managed via the p
      AI centers of excellence.

    35. From NAIIR page 4-4, “Recommendation 4-5

      “…incentivizing the contribution of high-quality data for AI R&D to the Federated System”

      Recommendation 3-13 on page 3-7

      “…incentivize contributions to the NAIRR user community or to the public good”

      [Response by JW] Rewarding contributors of data “in kind” is beyond the scope of
      NAIRR. There are too many factors, and considerations to assess. Which can be
      explained to you at your convenience. By creating a pathway for these contributors
      via their local AI center of excellence, there must be educational merit to any and all
      activities relating to data and the proposed federated system.

      Any and all contributors should be vetted stakeholders belonging to an AI center
      of excellence. Otherwise, we can’t control the access to sensitive data. AI is about
      the people, and each stakeholder has an “individual” behind it who must be vetted
      and with AI educational merit

    36. From NAIIR page 4-4, recommendation 4-8

      “…the NAIRR should provide high-value, core data sets to establish a value proposition
      and jump-start search and discovery”

      [Response by JW] This statement is not congruent with previous statement on
      page 4-3 (recommendation 4-1) that the “sheer volume and variety of data of
      interest will make it impossible for the NAIRR to curate any of all of it”

    37. From NAIIR page 4-3, recommendation 4-1

      “…data resources could be contributed by researchers, non-profit or commercial
      organizations, government agencies, state, local, and/or tribal government, academic
      institutions, and citizen scientists”

      [Response by JW] If we treat the field of artificial intelligence with the
      same academic merit as healthcare, then we can identify who is a stakeholder or
      citizen scientist. Doctors need a medical degree to practice medicine, but they also
      have physician’s assistants, they have nurses and other medical support specialists.
      Citizen scientists should belong to an academic institution, AI center of excellence, AI
      lab, or other vetted AI community/ecosystem. The idea is not to raise the barrier for
      users/stakeholders, rather the goal is to redesign the entry margin so that
      everything is done with educational merit.

    38. From NAIIR, page 4-5,

      “Government data sets… key domains in which the Federal Government could help drive
      AI-based innovation are transportation, healthcare, and natural hazards research, among
      many others…”

      [Response by JW] Each of these domains requires contextual understanding of the
      AI problem to solve with the said data set owned by the particular Federal Government
      agency. For example, the proposed AI center of excellence in a region can be supply p
      chain, clean energy or healthcare etc focused to allow the connectivity of resources
      into the NAIRR system

    39. From NAIIR page 4-6, recommendation 4-10,
      “data generated by Federally funded research”

      [Response by JW] Despite research that’s been federally funded, the day to day
      employees or stakeholders that are involved in a project might not be American
      citizens in America. Many projects often outsource/offshore their work, and allowing
      access to such resources might compromise the integrity of the NAIRR. There are
      many considerations with a startup being given access that I am ready to share at
      the appropriate time.

    40. From NAIIR page 5-2
      “Zero trust architecture presumes that no actor, system, network, or service operating
      outside or within the security perimeter is trusted”

      [Response by JW] Why do we adhere to a “zero trust architecture” but do not have
      a “zero trust AI educated stakeholder” policy? AI is about the people, the technology
      and algorithms have been commoditized, without the AI educated workforce, we can’t
      undertake cutting edge research and solve real-world problems. Access to NAIRR
      should be inclusive of those with AI degrees, AI formal education, and other reasons
      previously mentioned in this submission. We don’t want to exclude anyone, at the
      same time, users should have the AI educational merit from vetted institutions. Let us
      build the next generation of AI talent so that we remain #1 with AI talent globally.

    CONCLUSION BY JOSEPH WEHBE & FURTHER CONTRIBUTION TO NAIRR

    I am ready to serve my country in building the American AI ecosystem. I believe we’re at an
    inflection point in history to execute otherwise we’ll lose the AI war. The Government has given
    us all a platform to act now & thereby ignited a passion in me to believe that there’s a call to
    action to build the next generation of AI talent.

    Highlights of AI expertise I offer:
    – The benefits of AI ecosystems are distributed unevenly across the US & don’t exist
    in the heartland.
    – Dismantle institutional, & systematic barriers that limit opportunities for stakeholders
    in AI & bring educational merit to the AI workforce.
    – Redesign entry margin for stakeholders so the US can build a pipeline of AI talent.

    I have both the educational & technical expertise to serve my country in any AI project that will keep the US as a world AI leader. “Until the mayor or superintendent in small town New Jersey understands they must introduce an AI K-12 curriculum, we have alot of work to do.”
    –Joseph Wehbe

    Your faithfully,

    Joseph Wehbe
    “AI Ecosystem Builder”

    “The recipe is straightforward, let us invest in AI Education, AI Research & Development.”-JW 

    September 5, 2022

  • World Economic Forum AI Expert Network: How to build the next generation of AI talent by Joseph Wehbe

    How to build the next generation of AI talent


    Starting the journey into AI.

    World Economic Forum AI Expert Network: How to build the next generation of AI talent by Joseph Wehbe

    • Building a pipeline of AI talent and projects requires technical as well as educational merit. For this, AI centres of excellence led by world-renowned scientific advisors are necessary.
    • Stronger AI ecosystems emerge when government to grassroots initiatives get involved.
    • AI ecosystems materialize as value networks. They redesign the entry margin for stakeholders to start their journey into AI, offering them a path to participate.

    The benefits of artificial intelligence as a catalyst for economic growth are distributed unevenly across cities around the world. Consequently, so is its talent. The AI hubs that we know of in Boston, Silicon Valley, Toronto (and so on) don’t exist in the heartland of the United States or in emerging or frontier markets globally.

    These AI hubs are all anchored by some of the greatest learning institutions in the world, led by scientific advisors who attract global talent. Without such an AI ecosystem, you will not be able to build the next generation of AI talent.

    Have you read?

    • Artificial intelligence is trying to write the next Game of Thrones book

    • Artificial intelligence is the future of interactive media

    • What impact will artificial intelligence have on our jobs?

    • 5 ways artificial intelligence will assist in space exploration

    In AI development, while technology and algorithms have been commoditized, skilled workers that are able to create solutions to AI problems are the most important factor. There is a demand for a whole generation of workers with capacities in artificial intelligence. This will be the generation of talent that will support national interest in aerospace, defense, education, housing, transportation, public safety, supply chain, manufacturing, and many other industries critical to the nation’s safekeeping.

    Supporting the next generation of AI talent now

    As John F. Kennedy put it: “Fix the roof when the sun is shining.” And by all indications, the sun is shining on American AI achievements.

    Simultaneously, to maintain this lead, it’s time to build the next generation of AI talent now. The United States of America is the global leader within the field of artificial intelligence as it relates to publications, capital invested, conference citations, net new funded companies, and patents accepted, according to Stanford University Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2022.

    If we set the States as the northstar for AI ecosystems, we can identify opportunities for emerging tech hubs to grow their local ecosystems, too. According to Stanford University Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2022, the US Government spent the highest amount on AI contracting at the Department of Defense in 2021, and the lowest at the National Science Foundation (NSF).

    Role of national governments

    National governments need to contribute to grassroots AI ecosystem. Each stakeholder in an AI ecosystem adds to build a value network from the local government up to federal policy. An AI ecosystem is comprised of eight stakeholders that all have different goals. For these stakeholders to achieve their goals, they require government support.

    The role of national governments specifically starts in providing recognition to AI degrees and education immediately at the graduate school level, but also in the k-12 curriculum. Imagine if government departments of education don’t recognize medical, legal, or teaching degrees? The education system wouldn’t function. But the paradox is that departments of education require to build internal expertise to be able to recognize such AI degrees.

    The AI ecosystem and the approach to building the next generation of AI talent, can’t be compartmentalized. AI workshops, certifications, and bootcamps have no educational merit. They don’t build practitioner level skills.

    Why are AI talent development and AI degrees not treated with the same rigor and standards as medical or law degrees?

    We must start with standardizing AI degrees – backed to AI centers of excellence that are all led by grassroot organizations. As entrepreneurs and stakeholders concerned with building the next generation of AI talent, we can’t wait for governmental action to build localized AI ecosystems.

    We must build around the intellectual infrastructure that already exists in local academic communities. For AI education to be effective, centers of excellence that engage via an eight-stakeholder model must emerge out of those communities. This is a bottom-up approach to bring merit to education in AI.

    The call to action now is to identify the voids in your local ecosystem as entrepreneurial opportunities to add value. As such, the technology and academic community in each region must coalesce to build their local AI centers of excellence.

    But this must be done in an integrated manner with all stakeholders who are educated and believe in the technological capability of AI. This means engaging with industry to build trust to work on local problems that can be solved with AI.

    Without education, we won’t be able to lead within the field of artificial intelligence. This is why bringing merit to the academic system of the discipline is more than crucial.

    September 5, 2022

POWERED BY DAIMLAS.COM

 

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